Neuroscience

What brain-imaging and neuroscience research has — and has not — established about reward, dopamine, and cue reactivity.

Dopamine

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in motivation, reward anticipation, learning, and movement. It is commonly — and often misleadingly — described as a simple 'pleasure chemical.'

Neural Cue Reactivity

Neural cue reactivity refers to the brain's measurable response to cues associated with a behaviour, as studied with methods such as fMRI and EEG. It is the neural counterpart of the psychological phenomenon of cue reactivity.

Neuroplasticity and Brain Change

Neuroplasticity is the brain's lifelong capacity to reorganize and change in response to experience, learning, and behaviour. It is a normal property of the brain, not something that only happens with harm or recovery.

The Brain's Reward System

The reward system is a network of brain regions — prominently including the ventral striatum and midbrain dopamine neurons — involved in motivation, pleasure, learning, and the anticipation of rewards.